Authors' Note: The Amur carp, Cyprinus rubrofuscus, is a long-lived freshwater fish native to extensive areas of Eastern Asia. Centered in the Niigata prefecture of Japan, breeders have taken advantage since 1820 of genetic variability in the color of fish-scales to produce variants in a variety of remarkable decorative colors that may be further enhanced by selection and cross-breeding. Nishikigoi ('brocaded carp'), less formally referred to as koi ('carp'), have been recently pursued further as a hobby and as a commercial interest in various Asian countries.
On every continent, koi populations have 'escaped' and become established as invasive intruders in freshwater ponds and streams (where their color eventually reverts to that of undomesticated Amur carp). As koi characteristically alter the environment, increasing the turbidity of freshwater bodies, native species have been displaced.
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Koi contained in an indoor environment Allan Gardens, Toronto |
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